Faster Pace Higher Rate

In our experiment my group and I tested if the higher pace of movement would affect your heart rate. We believed that heart rate would increase with the pace of movement.  Before each one of us ran, walked, and jogged we checked our heart rate. So, Samantha, Tenchita, Katie, and I each ran, walked, and jogged down the gym hallway. Our results that we got from measuring the distance was that our heart rate increased a little when we ran and jogged. Then we tested how jogging, running, and walking affects our heart rate by testing each movement by time doing 45 second intervals. We had a greater increase in our heart rate by running, and jogging by doing it for 45 seconds. Our hypothesis was correct in our experiment because the pace of movement does increase your heart rate.

Research Article: Women, take care of your heart

  This article is about how many women live with cardiovascular disease and they are unaware of the dangers of it. An estimated 42 million women live with cardiovascular disease. The leading cause of death in American women is heart disease. Within one year of a first recognized heart attack, twenty three percent of women will die. Within five years twenty-two to thirty-two percent of women that are heart attack survivors will die. Men are more likely to receive the appropriate treatment after a heart attack. By smoking cigarettes there is a bigger increase of dying from heart disease, it increases two to three times. Women that have diabetes have a huge chance of getting heart attacks. To prevent from getting cardiovascular disease is to eat healthier. Eat more fruits and vegetables and other food that is in soluble fiber which can reduce bad cholesterol. Be aware of your fat intake because foods that have a high fat intake will higher your cholesterol.

 It is good to limit your saturated fat intake to no more than 15 grams daily and of how much you consume of trans fats to 0 grams daily. Two main types of helpful dietary fat are monounsaturated fat and polyunsaturated fat. Monounsaturated fat is a type of fat that can be found in a variety of foods and oils, and a polyunsaturated fat is a type of fat that is mostly found in plant-based foods and oils. There is evidence that proves that by eating food that is rich in polyunsaturated fats it improves your blood cholesterol levels that can decrease your risk of heart disease. Other important factors to decrease your risk of cardiovascular disease is aerobic exercise, eliminating tobacco abuse and regular visits to your doctor. I need to make sure and take really good care of my heart, so make sure you take really good care of your heart also :)    

Link: http://bangordailynews.com/2012/02/06/health/women-take-care-of-your-heart/

The Heart Dissection Lab

A  Sheep's Heart

A Cow's Heart

A Pig's Heart

A Sheep's Heart has four chambers like most mammals. Two of the chambers are right and left atrium and the other chambers are left and right ventricles. During this lab we dissected some animals hearts. Our group dissected a pig's heart.
We measured the measurments of the heart.
Right Atrium- 9cm
Right Ventricle- 8cm
Outer Wall- 5cm
Aorta- 4.5cm
Pulmonary Trunk- 5cm
Left Atrium- 7cm
Left Ventricle- 10cm

Reflection Questions:
- The blood vessel that has the thickest walls are the arteries because of the amount of blood it has to carry.
-After viewing the cardiac muscle prepared slide under the microscope the cardiac muscle was striated.
- The danger of having this atherosclerotic plaque on the coronary artery is that it will block the blood flow.
- The heart closed reasembles the pigs because of the simparity between them , but most of the hearts have similar structures.
- Many differences that I observed in the heart specimens are as obvious as sight but the smaller parts are different from each other but basically the same expect for the smaller details.
- Adaptive reasons for these reasons is that animals hearts are adapted to fit the lifestyle and have larger arteries to pump blood faster while the heart of a human is smaller and compacted to fix our size.

By doing this lab I learned about the structure of the heart in animals. I learned more about arteries and what all is found in the heart more in depth. I gained knowledge about a sheep's, cow's, and a pig's heart. I learned that the heart in these three types of animals all have a similar structure. It was fun measuring the things that are found in the heart of how big it was and how thick it was. A human's heart is very similar to that of a pig, sheep, and a cow in which that was neat to learn about and explore it.

This is a link to the overview of the Heart

YOUR AMAZING HEART :)

LINK:    http://popplet.com/app/#/215145

Nervous System: The Virtual Neurophysiology Lab

During the lab online:
~The 1st step was too catch and anesthetize the leech in 20% ethanol solution.
~The 2nd step was too pin the animal dorsal side up through the anterior and posterior suckers onto a dissection tray, by stretching the animal in the process.
~The 3rd step was too make a cut in the skin along the mid-line on the dorsal surface using scissors.
~The 4th step was too carefully remove the gut and other internal structures to expose the ventrally located nerve cord.
~The 5th step was too cut a window in the body wall underneath a ganglion.
~The 6th step was too isolate a section of the animal by making two parallel cuts across the animal.
~The 7th step was too cut the sinus with an ultra fine scalpel and then tease apart the sinus.
~ The 8th step was too click the Micromanipulator tip to probe the cell.
~The 9th step was too visualize the morphology of the neuron.
~The last sep was too identify the cell, which was a cell type N.

Materials:
Feather, Probe, Forceps, Scissors, Pins, Scalpel, Dissection Tray, Leech Tank, 20% Ethanol, Lech Tongs, Dissection Microscope, Micromanipulator, Oscilloscope, and a Leech.

By doing this lab I learned more about the nervous system, and the different cell types. The nervous system of the leech consists of the brain, the ventral cord, and ganglia which is located in each segment along the nerve cord. The leech is a member of the phylum Annelida or segmented worms. These worms are classified by having bodies divided into similar parts or segments. The different cell types in this lab was N, T, P, R, X, which are No Stimuli, Feather, Probe, Forceps, and Dyed Cell.

                                

PowerPoint of the Sense of Smell

This slide show represents how your sense of smell works, and how you use it in your daily lives. We are surrounded by different smells all of the time.

Research Article

      The article, Extra calcium won't lower bone fracture risk in ladies is about how if you consume more that the recommended daily amount of calcium it will not lower your chance of breaking a bone later in your life according to a new study. Research found information about how if you take 750 milligrams of calcium   each day, which is the daily recommended amount links with the lowest risk of fractures and osteoporosis for Swedish women in their fifty's. Calcium is very important in preventing broken bones and osteoporosis, but the amount of calcium differs by age and country. In the United States the recommended about of calcium per day is 1,200 milligrams. However, if you consume less than 700 milligrams a day of calcium then it is associated with getting a broken bone or osteoporosis. Since the human skeleton grows during adolescence and childhood, larger amounts of calcium are needed to accrue bone. Children between four to eight year olds need 800 milligrams of calcium per day. Children between nine to eighteen year olds need 1,300 milligrams of calcium per day. Later adulthood and old age is when increased bone occurs in which is why 1,200 milligrams of calcium is needed for people 51 and older. So, there needs to be a balance of calcium incorporation into our bodies throughout our whole life so we don't health risks. In conclusion, having calcium is very important but taking alot of it will not prevent you from getting a bone fracture or osteoporosis.
Link:http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/43160225/ns/health-womens_health/t/extra-calcium-wont-lower-bone-fracture-risk-ladies/#.Tu9vts1WC18